Smart people Nerds or Not - 1214 Words

Stereotypes and misconceptions are just false presumptions of groups. Misconceptions are just wrong ideals of groups that have been formed because of a lack of information on a group or been told false information about the group from the individuals who are biased of the group. While stereotypes are false presumptions of groups formed because of a small percentages in the groups who are extremely ideal and fit the stereotypical views said of the group. Many of the individuals of the groups are most likely enraged that the mass of the public believe these stereotypes just because of these handful of stereotypical extremists. However, many in today’s society unconsciously stereotype many groups on a daily basis because of the lack of†¦show more content†¦In Tannen’s article she states â€Å"Anthropologist Elinor Keenan, for example, found that in a Malagasy-speaking village on the island of Madagascar, it is women who are direct and men who are indirect. And th e villagers see the men’s indirect way of speaking, using metaphors and proverbs, as the better way. For them, indirectness, like the men who use it, has high status.(9)† This shows that indirectness is not a show powerless or a showing of lower rank. Just because of these misconceptions not only are women’s style of speaking misunderstood but so are many others groups. If society ever truly wishes for everyone to understand one another and to start accepting each other then society must find a way to get rid of all stereotypes and misconceptions that are now present and prevent anymore from forming. A group that has been stereotype for years is that smart or intellectual people are suppose to be unattractive, social outcast nerds who love reading about superheros and are into sci fi which can no longer be said is true. This can no longer be said as true because many of the smartest people in school and society now do not come even come close to fitting the stereotype of smart people been nerds. Most people think of smart people as been like the nerds seen on tv. This means that many think of smart people as wearing thick glasses with tape in the middle, having braces, sever acne, wearing pocket protectors, having one’s pants highly lifted, and been physically unfitShow MoreRelatedAnti Intellectualism : Why We Hate Smart Kids1316 Words   |  6 Pages Anti-Intellectuals What is the first thing people think of when they hear the â€Å"smart† kid talks about his accomplishments? Those smart kids get called a nerd and automatically have to deal negative things all because society itself thinks it is okay to do so. In â€Å"Anti-Intellectualism: Why We Hate Smart Kids†, Grant Penrod explains why anti-intellectualism exist. People will remember what the anti-intellectuals do but not so much the intellectuals. Society envy those who are smarter than themRead MoreAn Analysis Of Hidden Intellectualism By Gerald Graff901 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals think that solely the geeks or the nerds  can have academic success, and are completely forgetting that some students hidden intellectualism is found not in book smart but rather street smart, suggesting that teacher should tap into students hidden intellectualism so that it can no longer be hidden. Intellectualism   is the theory that knowledge comes from pure reasoning and   it is a word often associated with academics. Most often people think intellectualism can only be achieved throughRead MoreEssay about The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, by Juinot Diaz1648 Words   |  7 Pages When you see someone characterize someone else as a nerd, what do you generally think about this person, what if this same person is characterized as a geek? Most people generally hold a negative connotation with one of these titles, some see it as the geek and some see it as the nerds. Oscar De Leon and Yunior from Juinot Diaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao can be classified as members of either of these groups in some ways. There are ways that they fit in and ways that they don’t butRead MoreHighschool Stereotypes Essay687 Words   |  3 Pagespreps, the nerds, and the emos. I will help you classify which is which and understand the difference so that you can dete rmine whether you want to fit in with these groups, or go your own way. The first main stereotype is the preps. They will usually be well talked about and you will hear their names often. They dress nice in expensive clothing, are usually wealthy and are sometimes in sports like football or cheerleading. This stereotype is usually filled with good-looking people and these typesRead MoreGraduation Speech : School Dress Codes790 Words   |  4 Pagessay students should only be allowed to wear pants. Pants keep students from being distracted by knees and calves and more focused on their assignments. â€Å"Tops should have a minimum of 3 inch wide straps on the shoulder.† The administration is very smart to not allow students to show their shoulders because it could get out of hand quickly. Students might get the wrong ideas from one another if their shoulders are exposed. If females came to school with even a hint of exposed shoulders it could makeRead MoreCompletely Changing Life in Jake Reinvented by Gordon Korman629 Words   |  3 Pagesabout ch anging your life completely? I am going to talk about a book that show a kid that try to change his life and try to hide his past for his new friends The name of this book is Jake Reinvented. One of the main themes in Jake Reinvented is some people will do anything to keep there past behind them even if that means to change yourself into something you thought you would never be. These paper is going to how this is the theme of Jake Reinvented and show that this is one of the main themes in JakeRead MoreEssay on Labeling Theory578 Words   |  3 Pages The Labeling Theory is the view that labels people are given affect their own and others’ perception of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity. Labels can be positive and/or negative, but I’ll focus on the negative aspects of labeling in high school. Everybody has a label in high school whether it is the â€Å"slut†, â€Å"pothead†, â€Å"freak† or the â€Å"jock†; it is one of the most apparent time periods in which individuals get labeled. Students have the mentality that whateverRead MoreThe Breakfas t Club Analysis923 Words   |  4 Pagesand Andrew Clark. Allison was the girl who during a majority of the film was reserved, and socially awkward. John Bender was the guy who was very rebellious, did drugs, and did not care about authority. Claire Standish was the girl who was preppy, smart, and opinionated. Brian Johnson was the guy who was extremely nerdy and also somewhat socially awkward. Lastly, Andrew Clark was the jock who could be a bit arrogant but was a clear thinker and kind hearted deep down. Each of the students canRead MoreAn Insider Of The Subculture Know Hip Hop923 Words   |  4 PagesNow, to you he may seem like a short nerd with no life (lol) but, not true. I mean, he is a nerd, but a handsome vibrant nerd that loves to have fun At the age of eleven Mr. Smith started listening to hip-hop music after purchasing his first silver CD player. One of his first CD’s was Eve second album Scorpion followed by engaging with other artists like Biggie, Nelly, Missy Elliot, Busta Rhymes, and Ja Rule. The interview process didn’t start out how most people would expect. Quin is an energeticRead MoreAnti-Intellectualism : Why We Hate The Smart Kids By Grant Penrod Summary1088 Words   |  5 Pageshow uneducated celebrities are not setting a good example for future kids to get an education. Many intelligent kids are being overlooked because of the stigma of being a â€Å"nerd,† as well as the fact that anti-intellectualism is becoming more popular. A man, author Grant Penrod, wrote â€Å"Anti-Intellectualism: Why We Hate the Smart Kids,† with an intended purpose of arguing about this topic on how intelligent kids are being overlooked and the rise of anti-intellectualism. This is ultimately ineffective

Essay On Tennessee Labor Laws - 1147 Words

Tennessee Labor Laws: Everything You Need to Know Tennessee labor laws provide that the minimum wage in the State of Tennessee is $7.25 an hour. If employees receive tips as part of their compensation, employers can pay the employee a lower minimum wage so long as the employee makes up for the difference in tips. A typical position in which an employee receives tip is a waiter/waitress position in a restaurant. With regard to overtime payment, employers must pay non-exempt employees 1.5 times more than the hourly rate for those working more than 40 hours/week. However, not all employees are eligible for overtime pay, particularly exempt employees, i.e. those receiving a yearly salary. Some types of employees exempt from the overtime rules†¦show more content†¦However, in order to waive their right to a meal break, a form much be filled out in which the employee agrees and signs indicating his or her full understanding of the waiver. Extended Time Off The State of Tennessee has several provisions on different types of leave, including vacation, sick time, holidays, jury duty, and bereavement. Vacation days Tennessee labor laws do not require employers to give employees vacation benefits, paid or unpaid. If such vacation days are provided to employees, this information must be stated in the company’s policy, including on the company’s internal employee website, employee handbook, and employees’ contracts. However, if an employee leaves the company, it is up to the employer to determine whether or not to pay the employee for unused vacation days. Sick days. While Tennessee employers can choose whether to provide sick leave benefits to their employees, they may be required to provide unpaid sick leave if the conditions fall under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). This federal law provides that employers with at least 50 employees provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid time off to employees who qualify. Such qualifications can include a serious medical condition of the employee or an immediate family member, a birth/adoption of a child, and other few qualifying circumstances. Such leave cannot affect the employee’s position with theShow MoreRelatedEmployment at Will: A Deeper Look into the Copious Benefits Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagespriceless when presented with an unfair employment scenario. In the case of an employer and employee relationship, too much power on either side can quickly become detrimental. Balancing this power is no easy task and holds no single solution. In this essay, I will propose tha t the contract at will, or employment at will, is one viable solution that can legitimately benefit both the employer and the employee. My view on this issue is one that is often the minority, as there has been a significant amountRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdetails you need to know to answer New Deal-related multiple choice questions and essays with ease! Let’s get started. What exactly is the New Deal? The New Deal was a set of domestic programs set in motion by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between1933 and 1938. The goals of the program were relief, recovery, and reform, and with these goals in mind, FDR set out to help the poor and needy, improve the economy, and pass laws to stop unemployment, alleviate poverty, and prevent a repeat depression. Read MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction Periods1118 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction period consisted of the formation of the Ku Klux Klan and the black code laws. Despite the fact that African American’s were no longer slaves, in many ways they were still not free. Furthermore, the creation of things such as the Ku Klux Klan and the black codes created high tension between the black and white races, a tension that can be argued is still present in modern day America. This essay will examine the aspects of how the post Civil War and Reconstruction period was a failureRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : The Removal Of The Indians1631 Words   |  7 Pagesjustified the Indian Removal was that the United States was moving the Cherokees for their own sake. Lewis Cass, a supporter of the Indian Removal and a governor of Michigan territory, wrote an essay titled â€Å"Removal of the Indians† in January 1830, only eight years before the Trail of Tears. In this essay he speaks of why the Indians should be removed. One of the things he says is,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦From an early period,[the Cherokees’] rapid declension and ultimate extinction were foreseen and lamented†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He goesRead MoreDo Drug Tests Violate Employees’ Rights to Privacy?1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay contained is an investigation, discussed and, which is within scope of this essay, in the provision of answers to this question Do drugs tests violate employees’ right to privacy?’ The answers are given by the presentation and the analyzing different views evident in literature so as to build an argumentative case against or in support of, lastly drawing the conclusions set. This is made possible concentrating on a scope which considers the ethics existent in normative theories. ItRead MoreHow White Americans Are Still Reaping Benefits Today833 Words   |  4 Pages This country is known for two horrific acts against mankind, the inhumane trea tment of the American Indians and the enslavement of African-Americans. Both groups are still affected today and this essay will look at how White Americans are still reaping benefits today. The number of slaves brought to North America, South America, and the Caribbean was off the wall as between 1619 and the end of slavery approximately 9.6 and 10.8 were forcibly brought over from Africa (Mintz, 2009). The numbersRead MoreA Brief Biography of Lewis W. Hine1279 Words   |  5 Pagespost-modern photographer known for the documentation of Immigrants on Ellis Island that started his career. Exposed the truth of child workers. He also recovered the name of a nation by photographing the atrocity of child labor. His work lend to the passing of the Keating-Owen Child Labor act (1916), or government projects. Lewis W. Hine swung on a special designed basket, above the streets of New York during the construction of the Empire State Building. photojournalism breached the beginning of its goldenRead MoreEssay about Explaining The Twenties1256 Words   |  6 Pagesby striking cultural conflict. 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Leadership Style and Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Literature Review on Leadership of the 21st Century. Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to the act of leading a group of individuals for the fulfilment of common goals with the same objectives and determination, commonly within an organisation. It is the act of getting others do something in a manner in which the leader wants it to be (Kuratko 2007). As pointed out by Chhokar, Brodbeck and House (2013), Leadership is the process of establishing a focused vision, sharing the vision with the members and providing them with knowledge and guidance for the fulfilment of the vision. They need to have the ability to inspire others to outperform the competitors after considering challenging goals. The 21st century has witnessed a drastic shift in the trends of leadership as applied to almost all domains across the globe. Leaders in the 21st century consider changes brought about in the traditional leadership styles for the benefit of all as a result of changes in the economy and globalisation. A new generation of leaders is making a mark on the global platform with innovative ideas and focus on sustainable superior power (Wilson 2017). The present paper is a critical literature review of 21st-century leadership. The aim of the review is to provide a summary, comparison and evaluation of the research topic. The paper discusses core competencies for leadership and the differences with traditional leadership capabilities. The factors for change in 21st-century leadership and challenges facing 21st-century leaders are after that reflected upon. The meaning of leadership in management and the concept of leadership theory as foud to be changing with time is also highlighted in the paper. The paper provides key ideas from existing literature. A logical conclusion is put forward at the end of the paper. Core competencies for leadership in 21st Century As opined by Uslu, Bubul and Cubuk (2015), leadership approaches in the 21st century adopt a democratic, inclusive and transformational view of the management. The employees are constantly pushed to exert control over the tasks they do and get notified of the issues and challenges faced on a regular basis. Leaders of the 21st Century encourage the followers to put forward suggestions and proposals about how their own capabilities and knowledge can be used for better performance. This form of leadership is primarily transformational leadership style. Leaders provide the followers with the chance to create innovative and alternative ways to solve the existing issues. Transactional leaders might adopt a systematic and impartial reward and punishment scheme for resolving the conflicts. On the contrary, present day leaders provide more space for action and more freedom. Leaders of the modern world support the commitment and empowerment of the followers to a deeper extent. Jayashree and Sa dri (2016) reported that the new leadership style of the 21st century considers a combination of novel ideas and ethics as a skill mix for leading from the front. Future and present corporate leaders tend to act ethically, and there is a consistency in this regard. In addition, the leaders are dependable and are normally found in the deontological mode. Ruwhiu and Elkin (2016) highlighted that a leader in the 21st century adapts the character of corporate management and upholds commitments so that there are no chances of questioning his credibility. A healthy tension is often maintained between change and tradition. Ahmad (2015) stated that leaders in the 21st century are expected to stir the transformation in which the system can be made relevant and dynamic for overall functioning. Further, international leadership is been widely exhibited in the global stage. Leader roles also cover the engagement in intense dialogue with followers. OConnell (2014) put forward a simplified framework for 21t century leaders development. As per the author, the five beliefs that 21st century leaders consider are reverence, learning, authenticity, flaneur and service. These constructs are the schemas that leaders refer to as guideline principles prior to adapting new learning, gaining new experiences and facing new levels of complexity. The difference with the traditional leadership style is that in contrast to the concept of leadership prevalent in older times, present day leaders follow strict principles for changing their course of work life. With different definitions of management and organisational power taking shape, it has been apparent that the leaders in the 21st century have an increased understanding of the significance of strong actions taken in collaboration with the managers at all levels for establishing sustainable competitive advantages as the key base for profitable growth of the organisation. Leadership has shown a gradual shift towards the managerial way of performing tasks since these methods have been found to be more effective in gaining increased output (Ayranci and Ayranci 2015). Deinert (2015) bring into focus that transformational leadership is widely accepted at present times for addressing issues applicable in the changing, modern, and uncertain work environment. Its success has therefore been heightened recently. Factors of change for 21st Century leadership According to Kuratko (2007), it can be pointed out that the increased pressure to outperform the rising number of competitors in a globalised market has driven new leaders to approach managerial styles for achievement of organisational objectives. The key message circulating across the different spheres of the modern world is that continuous innovation in terms of processes and technologies and competitive approach in the global market determines the performance in the twenty-first century. Changed leadership style is necessary for leaders to flourish and prosper. Leaders need to create innovative ideas and constantly encourage the followers towards a changed perspective. Changes in leadership style are necessary for the same. According to Uslu, Bubul and Cubuk (2015), the widespread augmentation in the utilisation of different communication channels and the information age with easy access to information has brought about different leadership requirements. Ayub, Manaf and Hamzah (20 14) pinpointed that effective leadership in the 21st century is adjudged by the effectiveness and mode of communication. Transitional changes have occurred in how leaders communicate with the followers. With the progress of people and time, leadership concept has also changed for adjusting with the latest trends witnessed in human relationships. Bedrule-Grigoruta (2012) gave insight into the fact that the constant demand of exerting a more flexible and dynamic leadership has brought about changes in leadership style. For multiple multi-faceted reasons, leaders have taken up distinct features from different theories and models of leadership and integrated them together to suit the needs of the organisations for achieving sustainability. In a similar context, Walker and Walker (2011) has to say that project leadership needs to adapt to fulfil the needs of the 21st century if it wants to remain appropriate and significant. The 21st-century world has witnessed drastic changes from the past century with global financial crisis becoming a source of the changes. Against the background of generational changes, it is now time to consider changes brought about in leadership. Hit, Haynes and Serpa (2010) has been found to state that globalisation is to be blamed for what has happened to the global scenario of leadership. After examining the competitive landscape of the 21st century, it is to be expected that strategic leaders would change how they act. Since they required to communicate and develop a new vision, built up core competencies and put the focus of utilisation of human capitals, they brought about changes in their leadership style. Titu, Raulea and Titu (2015) argue that maintenance of organisational culture demands evolving leadership styles and management in ethical practices. Implementing balanced control between conventional and modern leadership style is pivotal. In words of Anderson (2016) employees of present world are more individualistic. The previous theory of transformational leadership is not successful in preparing managers. Inspirational motivation is less appealing at times, and employees at present have different cognitions about leadership than previous generations. All these are factors for a leadership change. Challenges facing 21st century leadership 21ST century leaders are faced by many challenges due to extremely harsh and constantly changing markets. Currently, business leaders are struggling to keep up with changes in latest technological advancements and reliance on conservative approach has made it even more difficult for them embrace the new change in business market. To survive the challenges of the 21st century, leaders have no choice but to evolve in business (Yukl and Mahsud, 2010). The review of research evidence related to challenges for modern leaders indicates that leaders face challenges in creating an innovation culture in organization. Oke et al. (2009) mentions that certain skill set are necessary for leaders to promote employees innovative behavior in organization. De Jong and Den Hartog (2007) investigated about the types of leadership behavior that can promote individual innovation. On evaluation of leadership behavior according to the transformation leadership, participative leadership and leader member exchange theory, transformational leadership was hypothesized to encourage creativity. However, the challenges for modern leader arise because positive linkage between delegation and idea generation is not found. For instance, granting employees freedom and autonomy is necessary to facilitate innovation process and this helps employee to explore and challenge ideas for innovation (McLaughlin et al. (2008). Therefore, the article was useful in giving t he recommendation that 21st century leaders need to create a balance between stimulating innovative behavior and maintaining efficiency in business. The weakness of the literature is that there is lack of clarity regarding ideal behavior needed by leaders to innovate (De Jong and Den Hartog 2007). Therefore, future work in this area may determine how leaders can adapt to stimulate innovative behavior in organization. The main challenges for global organizations in the 21st century are the lack of leadership skill to fulfill modern demands of business. The creativity theory suggests that people are more likely to generate innovative ideas when working environment facilitates knowledge sharing and problem solving process. Some of the core challenges for leadership in the 21st century includes diversity management and goal oriented performance (Barak 2016). The research study by Meeussen et al. (2014) gives insight into challenges faced by leaders in managing diverse workforce. Currently, workplace consists of people from different cultural background. However, diversity has negatively affected leaders role in group functioning. The study gave the evidence that culturally diverse workforce perform better under transformational leaders who exploit full potential of each member. The weakness of the study is that the study has not confirmed whether such leadership styles can affect performance of minor ity members or not. Due to this vagueness, it is apparent that leaders lack of multiculturalism in leaders will lead to relationship conflict in teamwork (Tekleab and Quigley 2014). Therefore, from the review of this article, it can be referred performance of minority groups can be enhanced only when leaders recognize cultural difference as a strength for the organization. To overcome this challenges in leading, self-leadership strategies holds promise in maximizing the organizational capacity. Some of the main values that leaders can encourage to respond to changing business market includes encouraging employees to challenge status quo, sharing knowledge, focusing on continuous learning process, having a open attitude towards risk taking, being self-reflective and practice participatory management (DiLiello and Houghton 2006). Transition of the leadership theory overtime Uhl-Bien et al. (2007) highlighted about how leadership models and theories has evolved with passing century. For instance, leadership model of twentieth century was useful for physical production process, however these models now stands obsolete in todays knowledge oriented economy. It suggested that current leadership must have a dynamic characteristic from which adaptive outcome of learning, innovation and adaptability emerges. The study gave the recommendation that currently leaders should have combination of roles such as adaptive, enabling and administrative leadership role to efficiently manage complex business environment. The strength of the article was that it brought to the forefront limitation of current leadership theory and proposed the complexity leadership theory as a new tool that enables leaders to learn, create and innovate. This theory has the potential to fit recent trends towards performance management and accountability in business environment. Adaption of the core elements of this theory would help leaders to maintain innovativeness of a firm (Boyatzis 2008; Landy and Conte 2016). Meaning of leadership in management in the 21st century The old hierarchical model of business is obsolete in 21st century environment because of volatile, uncertain and ambiguous competitions in business. In such environment, the meaning of leadership has changed and success in business is dependent on leadership through network of people. As organizations in the 21st century are constantly growing and innovating, greater level of decision making and delegation is seen at all levels. Hence, currently leaders are giving more responsibilities to junior employees. This has implications for leadership and management development (Thomson 2013). The current issue for business organization is that majority of leaders lack understanding regarding the new role in leading in current business situation. The article by Prandin et al. (2012) is influential in addressing this aspect as it gives insight into the responsible management education for 21st century leadership. This was based on the principles of Responsible Management Education, which can give students the necessary skills to provide sustainable value to business. The study also proposed that values of global social responsibility, effective learning process, development of sustainable social and economic value and dialogue with consumers and media can teach future aspirants who aim to be a leader. The main strength of this article is that the knowledge framework is a step ahead toward developing sustainable corporate responsibility of leaders and this approach can easily foster critical thinking and problem solving skills in students so that they learn to solve new dile mmas in leadership. Relationship between gender and leadership in the 21st century Another remarkable change in the 21st century is the presence of proportionally higher number of women leaders in business organization. In the past century, leadership was regarded as domain reserved for males. However, the as society and people have now become very competitive and broadminded, skilful women leaders has been fully embraced by the world. The Fortune 500 Executive Officer list is an indication of growth of men as leaders (Glass et al. 2016). Despite this evidence, the debate and arguments regarding the effectiveness of men leaders compared to women continues (Glass et al. 2016). The study by Paustian-Underdahl et al. (2014) is very important in relation to this argument as it gives a meta-analysis of the gender differences in the perceptions of leadership effectiveness in 99 countries. The review of findings related to perceptions in all the countries suggest skill of women and men does not differ in terms of perceived leadership effectiveness. However, these results were obtained for all leadership content. When other contexts were evaluated, women were rated as more effective in leading compared to men. In addition, the self-ratings data showed that men rated themselves greater in leadership effectiveness than women rated themselves. Although the study is important as it contributes to the debate of gender advantages in leadership, it also has certain limitations. This includes second order sampling error due to inclusion of large number of studies. Another weakness was that some studies examined leaders, whereas other examined educational setting. This li mits the reliability of the result. Conclusion The critical review of literature related to 21st century leadership gave insight into the change in leadership style and management requirement in the current situation of changing business environment. The critical review on the topic gave insight into the core competencies needed for 21st century leadership and how far current leaders are equipped with these skills. Secondly, the literature review also gave rise to the theme of factors leading to change in 21st century leadership, challenges facing leaders, evolution of leadership theory overtime and narrowing of gender gap in leadership. Therefore, the inference from this review is that leadership is no longer restricted by gender in the 21st century and educational development can be improved by embracing curriculum related to current skills for 21st century leadership References Ahmad, H., 2015. Leadership in TVET for the 21st century: challenges, roles and characteristics.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,195, pp.1471-1476. Anderson, H.J., Baur, J.E., Griffith, J.A. and Buckley, M.R., 2017. What works for you may not work for (Gen) Me: Limitations of present leadership theories for the new generation.The Leadership Quarterly,28(1), pp.245-260. Ayranc?, A.E. and Ayranc?, E., 2015. Connections between Leadership Features and Attitudes Towards Innovativeness: A Research on Small and Medium-Sized Business Owners.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,195, pp.1535-1542. Ayub, S.H., Manaf, N.A. and Hamzah, M.R., 2014. Leadership: Communicating strategically in the 21st century.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,155, pp.502-506. Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bedrule-Grigoruta, M.V., 2012. Leadership in the 21st century: challenges in the public versus the private system.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,62, pp.1028-1032. Boyatzis, R.E., 2008. Competencies in the 21st century.Journal of management development,27(1), pp.5-12. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. De Jong, J.P. and Den Hartog, D.N., 2007. How leaders influence employees' innovative behaviour.European Journal of innovation management,10(1), pp.41-64. Deinert, A., Homan, A.C., Boer, D., Voelpel, S.C. and Gutermann, D., 2015. Transformational leadership sub-dimensions and their link to leaders' personality and performance.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), pp.1095-1120. DiLiello, T.C. and Houghton, J.D., 2006. Maximizing organizational leadership capacity for the future: Toward a model of self-leadership, innovation and creativity.Journal of Managerial Psychology,21(4), pp.319-337. 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